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Effect of nutritional intervention on compensation of diabetes mellitus type 2 in patients treated with insulin
Hes, Filip ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
Introduction: The topic of the bachelor's thesis is ,,Effect of nutritional intervention on the compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients treated with insulin". Diabetes mellitus is a chronic civilization disease, the incidence increases every year. Nutritional education of patients is one of the effective ways to help better compensation of diabetes. Aim of thesis: The aim of the work was to determine the effect of individual nutritional education on the compensation of T2DM in patients treated with an intensified insulin regimem. Methods: For the research were selected 14 patients with T2DM who are treated with intensified insulin therapy. These patients are visiting the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General Hospital in Prague. All patients completed the study. They were divided into two groups. Group A was individually educated. Group B patients served as the control group. Glycated hemoglobin results were recorded at the beginning of the study and after approximately three months at the next follow-up with a diabetologist. Results: An improvement in glycated hemoglobin values was observed in the group individually educated group compared to the control group. At the same time, education had a positive effect on answers to most questions related to diabetes. In group A,...
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Kinesiophobia in patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Slabá, Gabriela ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kovařovic, Vojtěch (referee)
Title: Kinesiophobia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Objectives: The objective of this research was to study the difference between the presence of fear of movement and the frequency of physical activity in patients with type 2 DM compared to a control group, and, if neuropathies are a predictor of fear of movement. Methods: The quantitative research began in November 2021 and finalized in April 2022. After that period the data was checked and evaluated. The data collection took place in the Diabetes Centre IKEM respecting all COVID-19 epidemiological restrictions declared by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. The control group, individuals without diabetes - healthy respondents - were addressed through the questionnaire webpage platform Survio.cz. In total, 278 participants filled out the questionnaire (139 patients with type 2 diabetes, 139 individuals without DM). The participants from both groups were paired out depending on age, gender, education, and family status. The research was conducted using three different questionnaires. The Tampa Scale questionnaire for Kinesiophobia TSK 13 - CZ, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory NPSIcz and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ - short version. The data was processed using statistical methods such as...
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Health technology assessment od digital diabetes therapeutics
Klásek, Jan ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing all around the world. This chronic disease leads to a decrease in quality of life and brings a significant financial burden to the national health systems. While diabetes not being completely reversible, it can be well controlled by introducing and maintaining healthy living habits. Nowadays, such intervention can be deliv- ered through digital devices with less medical staff time needed. This thesis investigates the cost-effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention delivered by a mobile application on a German study sample of 42 patients. The analysis is performed using a discrete-time Markov chain for the different lifetimes of the model. The robustness of the results is checked using both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results suggest that digital intervention can be considered cost-effective in both the short and long-term compared to the current standards of care. 1
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Apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and its mechanisms in type 2 diabetes
Glatzová, Daniela ; Němcová, Vlasta (advisor) ; Libusová, Lenka (referee)
Increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes represents one of the principal threats to human health in the 21st century. Strong evidence indicates that the rise in incidence of type 2 diabetes is correlated with increasing levels of obesity and that important factor playing role in the development of this disease is an elevation in circulating glucose and fatty acids. Chronically increased concentration of these nutrients was shown to induce apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells that subsequently contributes to diabetes progression. Despite intensive research, molecular mechanisms underlying this beta-cells loss are still unclear. However, there is increasing evidence that one of the key processes involved in glucose and fatty acid-induced beta-cell death is induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The aim of this work is to summarize the recent knowledge about induction of apoptosis by endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta-cells in relation to type 2 diabetes.
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The role of gut microbiome in the development of type 2 diabetes
Movsesian, Lilit ; Cahová, Monika (advisor) ; Funda, David (referee)
In recent decades, ample evidence of the impact of intestinal microbiota and metabolome on the development of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders such as obesity has been obtained. This thesis provides an overview of known information about this correlation and aims to highlight the importance of further research to identify prospective treatments. Bacterial taxa and metabolites most associated with the incidence of diabetes, as well as those associated with improved glucose and insulin tolerance, are considered. The thesis also compares similarities, differences and contradictions of the discussed studies. Key words: type 2 diabetes, obesity, microbiome, metabolome
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The Influence of a Lifestyle of Women with Anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Dittrichová, Jana ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
1 Abstract: The present thesis is focused on a lifestyle of women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes and on the way in which this lifestyle influences manifestation of Type 2 Diabetes. The goal of the thesis is to describe the ways in which women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes in the period 1-11 years after delivery behave preventively in order that Type 2 Diabetes would not occur - to describe their diet and movement activities as well as to discover, if they have their blood sugar level checked regularly. By means of questionnaire survey, it has been discovered that women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes consume not-sweetened beverages, coffee, vegetable and fruits, on the other hand it would be convenient, if they would eliminate secondary processed food, red meat, sweets and fried meal and increase intake of nuts, fish and cereals. 83 % of women engage in a movement activity at least 3 times a week. 52 % had come for blood sugar level examination (oGTT) after delivery and another 12 % had their blood sugar level checked during regular medical examination. Nevertheless, many respondents are not regularly monitored anymore. Women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes, in the case of which blood sugar level examination (oGTT) detected Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes, consume too much...
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The role of nutritional therapist in education of patients with type 2 diabetes
Erban, David ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Krátký, Jan (referee)
Aim of thesis: The research aimed to evaluate the importance of individual education by a clinical dietitian and compare it to information brochures only. Methods: 52 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General Hospital in Prague were selected for the research. Totally, 48 of them finished the research. These patients were divided into two groups. Group A was educated individually by a clinical dietitian. This group consisted of 27 patients, of which 13 were men and 14 were women. Group B was educated using a brochure only. This group consisted of 21 patients, of which 11 were men and 10 were women. Both groups were given the questionnaire before the education and then 4 months after the education. Additionally, glycated haemoglobin was measured in patients before the education and then 4 months after the education, during the next visit to their diabetologist. Results: In both groups, some improvement was observed after the education. Either in knowledge or their levels of glycated haemoglobin. In group A, the education had better cognitive results in all questions of the questionnaire except for one. Levels of glycated haemoglobin decreased by 9,4 in men and by 4,8 mmol/mol in women in group A. In group B, education did not affect the knowledge of...
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Effectiveness of variety dietary approaches in the therapy of type 2 diabetes
Šindelář, Miloslav ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease, ranking as one of the most leading causes of death in the world. This condition causes a substantial increase in the total cost of healthcare and decreases the quality of life of hundreds of millions of people around the world. Despite all preventive measures and the rise of healthcare quality, the total number of patients with diabetes is increasing. There are several types of diabetes distinguished, however, most cases (90 %) are diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although diabetes is genetically predisposed, we are able to modify the risk and treatment with our lifestyle. It turns out that the diet plays a crucial role in therapy, even in possible remission of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to objectively and critically compare dietary approaches which are used in type 2 diabetes therapy. On the basis of 10 RCT studies analysis, which were published between 2011-2021, it emerges that there are several dietary approaches showing effectivness in terms of their ability to reduce levels of glycated hemoglobin, lower medication intake, reduce weight and even to induce complete or partial remission in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results of this work show that the effective dietary approaches are low-carb diet, low-fat diet,...
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